
Signs and complications of ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum, causing sores, ulcers, and bleeding. Symptoms for this condition generally develop between the ages of 15 and 30 or between 50 to 70. The condition develops in flare-ups and then may disappear for weeks or months at a time. Here are some of the early signs of ulcerative colitis one may observe:
Diarrhea
One of the early signs of ulcerative colitis that people notice is watery diarrhea combined with a frequent and sudden urge to pass bowel movements. One may feel the need to pass bowel movements up to 10 times a day, and this can significantly affect their daily life. For those living with UC, uncontrollable diarrhea could lead to medical emergencies like severe dehydration, perforated colon, or sepsis.
Rectal bleeding
Those with UC may also experience blood or mucus in their stools, especially during a flare. This is because the blood from the ulcers reaches the surface of the rectum. One should consult a doctor immediately after observing this symptom.
Abdominal and rectal pain
People with UC may experience mild-to-severe abdominal or rectal pain. It may also occur in the form of persistent muscle spasms and cramping. Excessive abdominal or rectal pain could be a sign of an oncoming UC flare-up.
Fever
Some people with the condition also develop a chronic, low-grade fever. However, if the fever is over 103ºF, it warrants immediate medical attention.
Anemia
Experiencing frequent bleeding can drop the red blood cell count, causing anemia. This may lead to symptoms such as fatigue, pale skin, problems concentrating, chest pain, and even shortness of breath. It is advisable to get blood levels checked every 6 to 12 months.
The condition can also cause less-common symptoms such as constipation.