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Heart attack – Causes, signs, preventive strategies, and more

Heart attack – Causes, signs, preventive strategies, and more

A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a section of the heart muscle is blocked, severely damaging the muscles. There are several reasons for a blockage, from plaque built up in the coronary arteries to blood clots. Heart attacks are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. So, understanding the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of heart attacks is crucial for individuals to protect their heart health and reduce the risk of this life-threatening condition.

Causes or risk factors of heart attack

  • Narrowed arteries
    When arteries progressively harden or narrow over time, it can lead to a heart attack. Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops when a fatty deposit called plaque begins to build up on artery walls, narrowing or blocking them.
  • Blood clots
    It is possible for blood clots to develop in the arteries that supply the heart with necessary oxygen and nutrients. If a clot completely blocks blood flow, it can lead to a heart attack.
  • Spasms
    In some cases, the coronary arteries can suddenly spasm and temporarily narrow or close. This can reduce blood flow and trigger a heart attack.
  • Sedentary lifestyle
    Even those who are not currently at risk may weaken their heart muscles due to a lack of physical activity. They are also more likely to develop high LDL or harmful cholesterol levels in the body, high blood pressure, and diabetes, which are associated with heart attacks.
  • Lack of oxygen
    Lack of oxygen can damage the heart muscles and may trigger a heart attack. This can happen due to problems with normal lung function or carbon monoxide poisoning.
  • Congenital heart defects
    Those born with structural defects in one’s heart, like small holes in heart chambers or the absence of a valve, are also at a higher risk of a heart attack.
  • Other health conditions
    Those already suffering from high blood pressure or hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels are also at risk of developing heart blockages.

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