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ADHD – Symptoms, diagnosis, and management

ADHD – Symptoms, diagnosis, and management

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting millions nationwide. While it is often associated with childhood, ADHD can persist into adulthood, impacting various aspects of a person’s life. Although it presents unique challenges, it is manageable with the correct diagnosis, treatment methods, and support. This article aims to shed some insight into ADHD, covering its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and the challenges individuals with ADHD may face.

What is ADHD?
ADHD is a complex neurobiological disorder that manifests primarily as attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity difficulties. It is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed in children but can persist into adolescence and adulthood. While the exact cause of ADHD remains unclear, research suggests a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors contribute to its development.

Types of ADHD
There are three primary types of ADHD recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA):

1. Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (ADHD-PI)
Individuals with this type struggle with maintaining attention and staying organized and often overlook details. They may seem forgetful and have difficulty completing tasks.

2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation (ADHD-HI)
This type is characterized by hyperactivity and impulsivity without significant attention problems. Individuals may be restless, fidgety, and act on impulses without thinking.

3. Combined Presentation (ADHD-C)
This is the most common type of ADHD, featuring a combination of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Prevalence of ADHD
ADHD is not limited to children; it affects people of all ages. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of 2020, approximately 9.4% of children aged 3–17 years have been diagnosed with ADHD. This figure represents millions of American children and adolescents who may face daily challenges related to their condition.

Moreover, ADHD often persists into adulthood. The estimated prevalence of ADHD among adults in the country ranges from 2% to 5%, indicating that millions of adults have its symptoms, which can affect their work, relationships, and overall quality of life.

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